Krug, A.Z., Jablonski, D., and Valentine, J.W. 2009. Signature of the
end-Cretaceous mass extinction in the modern biota. Science 323:767-771.
doi: 10.1126/science.1164905.
ABSTRACT: The long-term effects of mass extinctions on spatial and
evolutionary dynamics have been poorly studied. Here we show that the
evolutionary consequences of the end-Cretaceous [Cretaceous/Paleogene
(K/Pg)] mass extinction persist in present-day biogeography. The geologic
ages of genera of living marine bivalves show a significant break from a
smooth exponential distribution, corresponding to the K/Pg boundary. The
break reflects a permanent increase in origination rates, intermediate
between the Mesozoic rate and the post-extinction recovery pulse. This
global rate shift is most clearly seen today in tropical bioprovinces and
weakens toward the poles. Coupled with the modern geographic distributions
of taxa originating before and after the K/Pg boundary, this spatial
pattern
indicates that tropical origination rates after the K/Pg event have left a
permanent mark on the taxonomic and biogeographic structure of the modern
biota, despite the complex Cenozoic history of marine environments.