In extension, the paratype or syntype series, however, MUST be
topotypes, i.e., occur in the same area and locality/formation as the
holotype itself.
This should be the case, but isn't always. For example, the syntype series
for _Titanosaurus madagascarensis_ comprises a humerus and caudal vertebrae,
which come from different localities. The referral of both vertebrae to one
species has also been disputed.