[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index][Subject Index][Author Index]

RE: Haha, even more questions



-----Original Message-----
From: Fam Jansma [mailto:fam.jansma@worldonline.nl]

>Hi all,
 
>Like fellow member HP Dinorampage, I've got some questions to and I hope if someone can help me
>out with the following:
 
>1) Ginnareemimus
 
---WHEEP WHEEP WHEEP--- "Non-valid informal name alert" ----WHEEP  WHEEP WHEEP----
 
>is reported to have an almost "arctometatarsalian" pes, like in Sinovenator, but how does
>   this relate in terms of their relationships, are they closely related or does this mean the
>arctometatarsalian
>     pes can be achieved by convergence leaving it as practicly meaningless in phyletics?
 
  Okay, a few things:
A) The Thai ornithomimosaur actually has a metatarsus which is closer in form to ornithomimids proper than is GarudimimusSinovenator's pes, on the other hand, is non-arctometatarsalian.
 
B) Almost all recent studies ally troodontids with dromaeosaurids and birds rather than with ornithomimosaurs, so the arctometatarsus is clearly convergent between these groups.
 
C) Convergence per se does not render a character invalid; after all, "loss of teeth" is a perfectly good synapomorphy for oviraptoroids and a perfectly good synapomorphy for higher ornithomimids and a perfectly good synapomorphy for modern birds, even if it convergence between the three groups.
 
>2) Another Ornithomimid question: after looking at some figures of the redescription of
>Archaeornithomimus in
>     a JVP-issue (can't remember the volume anymore) and reconstructing it's pelvic girdle + hindlimbs,
>     something came up along the way which was also quite suspect in the figures: the pubis, at
>least it's distal
>     end is somewhat recurved, giving the impression of an opisthopubic state of the pelvis. Is this
>another clue
>     of the Ornithomimids being related to an Archaeopteryx or an animal close to this?
 
Not really.  The rest of the anatomy is pretty clear that ornithomimids branched off prior to an oviraptorosaur-dromaeosaur-bird division.  Furthermore, when put into articulation, it is hardly "opisthopubic", any more than (say) Coelophysis is.
 
>3) Again on Archaeornithomimus and the supposed synonymy to Garudamimus, what are the shared
>     characteristics between the two apart from shape of the pubis and are there any differences
>between
>     them? The femur for instance is practicly straight in A. while it is curved in G. and the crest on the
> tibia 
>     (damn' names...) on it's proximal end is less pronounced in A. compared to G., but there are more
> right? 
 
Actually, the problem is more that SOME of the Archaeornithomimus material might belong to Garudimimus, not that the two are necessarily complete synonyms.
 
>4) Is Confuciusornis dui still considered a valid species of Confuciusornis?
 
I'll get out my species-ometer and check.  --whoop whoop whoop--, Ah, well, inconclusive... :-)
 
Seriously, though, there are not absolutely clear answers to questions of this sort.  I suppose some people do consider it valid.
 
>5) If so, what is it supposed lifestyle with the upward curving horny sheat at the tip of the beak? It is somewhat
>     similair in structure to the beak in Rhamphorhynchus for example, which probably pierced it's prey (most of
>    the time fish) while skimming the waters. Is this practice reasonable and is it appliable to C. dui? And what
>    are the supposed life-style for the other Confuciusornithes Confuciusornis, Longchengornis and
>    Changchengornis?
 
Sounds like a research project to me...  In fact, I don't recall anyone doing much serious work on the paleobiology of these early birds (other than climbing ability).  Folks, research takes TIME, and the folks from China and their co-authors have been damned busy just describing the wealth of material!
 
>6) Changchengornis is smaller than Confuciusornis by almost a third IIRC and in extant mammals, the predator
>     is smaller than it's prey (some examples can be thought of such as the great white shark),
 
Now, WHOA there partner!!  There is no such pattern (for mammals, which really doesn't have any bearing on birds anyway).  After all, the main prey of foxes or bobcats or moles or maned wolves or pinnipeds or bats or etc. is often much, much smaller than the predator itself.  Furthermore, it has not been established that confuciusornithids are carnivores or insectivores or frugivores or granivores or piscivores or whatever.
 
>does this 
>     indirectly mean that Changchengornis was more predatorial based the other Confuciornithes?
 
?!?!?!  A very odd approach.  It is like saying "European hares are smaller than American jackrabbits.  Is this indirect evidence that European hares are more predatorial than jackrabbits?".
 
> The hooked 
>     beak can be seen as another clue for it's predatorial lifestyle, but apart from that.
 
See above as to lack of any serious work on the diet of these early birds.
 
>7) Is a vulcanic eruption the cause of the major faunal death in the Lianoning basin or are there other theories
>    as well?
 
A serious taphonomic study of these beds have yet to be attempted.  I will point out that although the sediment is believed by many to be volcanoclastic, that doesn't mean that the faunal assemblage therein must necessarily be victims of the various blasts.  They may simply be accumulating into these bodies of waters by ordinary attrition, but the bottom mud happens to be volcanoclastic. (That being said, there is preliminary evidence that at least some horizons in there might be mass kills: Confusciusornis bone beds, for example).
 
Also, one can get very similar types of preservation in environments where volcanic episodes are not invoked: the Green River Shale of the Eocence of North America stands as a good example.
 
>9) In DA HP Greg Paul states that Eoenanthiornis could be a juvenile or subadult genus, is this correct?
 
We'll have to wait and see if others accept his argument.
 

                Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
                Vertebrate Paleontologist
Department of Geology           Director, Earth, Life & Time Program
University of Maryland          College Park Scholars
                College Park, MD  20742      
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/tholtz.htm
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/eltsite
Phone:  301-405-4084    Email:  tholtz@geol.umd.edu
Fax (Geol):  301-314-9661       Fax (CPS-ELT): 301-405-0796