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Re: Penguins of the North...?



At 09:52 PM 08/01/02 -0500, John Bois wrote:
There was a suggestion from HP Ron Orenstein that auks are more diverse
than penguins.  Technically this is true.  However, the inference that is
drawn from this--viz., that the penguin niche is just as fruitful
in the north as the south, and it's only because of competition and/or
lack of transport in cold currents that they don't invade the north--does
not follow.

This was not an inference I intended, though I suspect that the northern seas would be better habitat for penguins than tropical waters. Remember that auks and penguins are almost unique among seabird famiilies in lacking trans-equatorial migrants - a factor probably resulting from the evolution on migratory patterns in auks and, of course, flightlessness in penguins. Such species as Arctic Terns, Slender-billed Shearwaters, Wilson's Storm Petrels and many others breed in the high latitudes of one hemisphere and winter in the other. Though this does not suggest that the two areas are equivalent - after all, the winter grounds of many land birds differ greatly from their breeding grounds, and the birds may show corresponding shifts in diet - but at least it shows that the same species can exist in both the arctic and antarctic.

I am, further, highly skeptical of any conclusion that the distribution of auks and penguins has anything to do with competition. Remember that there is not the slightest evidence that the two families have ever approached each other more closely than the Gulf of California and the Galapagos, areas separated from each other by some 30 degrees of latitude. If they have never encountered each other, then obviously they could never have been in competition, and a discussion about what might happen were they to meet strikes me as about as scientifically useful as an argument about whether Superman could beat Captain Marvel.


In fact, it is extremely difficult to determine how important competition is even among the species of auk that do live in the same waters. The authors of the treatise on auks that I quoted in an earlier message, after spending several pages discussing the matter, conclude: "However, the great changes in marine food webs occurring continually through large-scale processes affecting the world's oceans, and the more recent, rapid changes brought about by human activities such as commercial fisheries, make it unprofitable to dwell too much on present evidence for interspecific competition among the auks."


--
Ronald I. Orenstein Phone: (905) 820-7886
International Wildlife Coalition Fax/Modem: (905) 569-0116
1825 Shady Creek Court
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 3W2 mailto:ornstn@rogers.com